高三英语课件：高考英语复习定语从句

英语专项复习定语从句高考英语复习1定语从句考点1关系代词that–whichwhosewhich–as的用法比较2关系代词和关系副词的用法比较3介词加关系代词引导的定语从句4定语从句与并列句的区别1关系代词的用法比较问题11Jimpassedthedrivingtest______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice05浙江卷A．whichB．thatC．thisD．it2Luckilywedbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway04北京春季AitBthatCthisDwhichA当先行词为物时关系代词可以用that也可用which但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用which不能用thatD但在下列情况中只能用that不用which①当先行词是allalotalittlefewmuchnoneanythingsomethingeverythingnothing等词时如AllthatcanbedonehasbeendoneInthisfactoryIsawlittlemuchthatwasdifferentfromours②当先行词被allanynomuchlittlefewevery等限定词所修饰时如Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid③当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时如ThefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogettheticketsWhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhouthefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake④当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时如IsthatthebestthatyoucandoThatsthemostexpensivehotelthatweveeverstayedinThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread⑤当先行词被theverytheonlythenextthelast等所修饰时如ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind⑥当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词

词组时如TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildrensPalaceShedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost⑦当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时如Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy问题21LastmonthpartofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloodsfrom_______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering05天津卷AthatBwhoseCthoseDwhat2GeorgeOrwell______wasEricArthurwrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays04北京AtherealnameBwhathisrealnameChisrealnameDwhoserealnameBDwhose名词中心词这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语如题2又能作宾语如题1whose的先行词常用来指人如题2但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念如题1这时可以与ofwhich结构互换词序是名词ofwhich题1可变为fromtheeffectsofwhich问题31_____isoftenthecasewehaveworkedouttheproductionplan04江苏AWhichBWhenCWhatDAs2Johnsaidhedbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour_______wastrue01北京春季A．heB．thisC．whichD．whoD非限制性定语从句一般采用which或as来引导使用这两个词时要注意三点1as引导的从句可以放在主句之前而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后2从意义上讲which指前面主句的内容而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西因此常译成就象那样正如所的3如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用则用which而不用asC问题4Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit04湖北A．thewayB．inthe

waythatC．inthewayD．thewaywhichA该句的意思是使我感到惊奇的不是他说了些什么而是他表达的方法句中whathesaid和thewayhesaidit是并列结构作表语假如theway在从句中作状语其中的关系词有三种不同的表达方式1thewaythat2theway后省略关系词3thewayinwhich根据句意可以排除BC答案Dwhich前缺少介词in所以答案为A2关系代词和关系副词的比较问题11Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_____wevisitedthreemonthsago05北京春季AwhereBwhenCthatDwhat2Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands04全国IIAwhereBwhichCwhenDthatCA当先行词是表时间的timeday等和表地点的placehouse等时一定要注意分析从句的结构如果缺少主语或宾语关系词应该用which或that缺少时间状语或地点状语时才能用when或where题1中的farm作visited的宾语故选C题2中的trousers作wiped的地点状语故选A使用关系副词应注意下列几点1关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词which结构whenoninatduringwhichwhereinatonwhichwhyforwhich如IwasinBeijingonthedaywhenonwhichhearrivedTheofficewhereinwhichheworksisonthethirdfloorThisisthechiefreasonwhyforwhichwedidit2当先行词是表时间和表地点的词时一定要注意分析从句的结构如果缺少主语或宾语时关系词应该用which或that缺少时间状语或地点状语时才能用when或where试比较IllneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberatedIllneverforgetthedayswhichthatwespenttogetherlastsummerHisfatherworksinafactorywhereradioparts

aremadeHisfatherworksinafactorywhichthatmakesradioparts3when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以引导非限制性定语从句而why只能引导限制性定语从句3介词加关系代词引导定语从句问题11Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe___thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest05江苏卷AwhichwhereBatwhichwhichCatwhichwhereDwhichinwhich2Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool____hewentontoCambridge05山东卷AfromwhichBafterthatCafterwhichDfromthis　　　　　　　CC题1中theplace在定语从句中作tobebuilt的地点状语此处的atwhich相当于where后面是表语从句表示建在某地题2表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造故选C介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考中的热点复习中需注意以下几个问题关系代词作介词宾语不论是在限制性定语从句中还是在非限制性定语从句中当介词前置时只能用whom指人which指物但如果介词后置则不受这种限制关系代词还可以省去特别是在口语中如DoyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalkingDoyouknowtheboythatshewastalkingtoThepencilwhichthathewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke2要确认关系代词前用什么介词需根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系来确定所以解题时需分析从句与主句之间的关系巩固练习Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently04上海AwhoBasCaboutwhichDwithwhom2TheEnglishplay______mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess04全国IAforwhichBatwhichCinwhichDon

which3Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf______fivearemine04全国IVAonwhichBinwhichCofwhichDfromwhich4Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths_____thesailingtimewas226days04广西AofwhichBduringwhichCfromwhichDforwhichADCC4非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别　问题1　Therearetwobuildingsstandsnearlyahundredfeethigh04湖北A．thelargerB．thelargerofthemC．thelargeronethatD．thelargerofwhich要区别是并列句还是非限制性定语从句关键是看两个句子之间是否有连词若有表示并列关系的连词或分号破折号那就是并列句如果两句之间没有这些连接符号那就是非限制性定语从句此时就需考虑使用适当的关系代词或关系副词了D巩固练习Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear80aresoldabroad04辽宁A．ofwhichB．whichofC．ofthemD．ofthat2Ihavemanyfriendssomearebusinessmen05全国卷1A．ofthemB．fromwhichC．whoofD．ofwhomAD题2也可以改为someofwhomarebusinessmen如果在之前加上连词and就只能用someofthem而且不能倒装5注意thesameassuchas的使用问题当先行词被thesame所修饰时关系词既可以用as也可以用that在表示具体事物时有时两者有一定的区别一般说来表示同一种类多用as表示同一事物多用that如ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样在抽象概念上同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的所以两个词可换用Ihavethes

ameopinionasthatyouhave这里要注意的是1使用as时它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略但使用that时定语从句中的动词不可省略如WomenreceivedthesamepayasmenWomenreceivedthesamepaythatmenreceived2在thesamethat结构中that只是用来加强语气强调相同that可以省去而不改变句子原意甚至连名词前的same也可以省去如ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterdayThisisthesameinstrumentIusedyesterdayThisistheinstrumentIusedyesterday但在thesameas结构中same和as都不能省略3当thesamethat结构中的that作为关系副词用时不可以直接与as互换如HelivesinthesamebuildingthatIliveHelivesinthesamebuildingasthatIliveinShallwemeetatthesameplacethatwelastmetShallwemeetatthesameplacethataswelastmetat4当先行词前有suchsoas时关系词应当用as如AwisemanseldomtalksaboutsuchthingsashedoesntunderstandHespokeinsucheasyEnglishaseverybodycouldunderstandAtthistimeofthedayallbusesandtrolleyshavetocarryasmanypassengersastheycanItissoeasyabookaseveryschoolboycanreadLetsdiscusssuchthingsaswecantalkoffreely另需注意ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand定语从句ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit结果状语从句Thankyouforwatching