大学英语四级模拟试题及答案

大学 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 四级模拟试题及答案PartIWriting30minutesDirectionsForthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofToGetalongwithYourRoommatesYoushouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow1室友之间的冲突在校园里常有发生2冲突的主要原因3室友之间如何和睦相处ToGetalongwithYourRoommate注意此部分试题在答题卡1上PartIIReadingComprehensionSkimmingandScanning15minutesDirectionsInthispartyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswersheet1Forquestions17markYforYESifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage894NforNOifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage894NGforNOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassageForquestions810completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassageEarlyChildhoodEducationEducationToBeMorewaspublishedlastAugustItwasthereportoftheNewZealandGovernmentsEarlyChildhoodCareandEducationWorkingGroupThereportarguedforenhancedequity公平ofaccessandbetterfundingforchildcareandearlychildhoodeducationinstitutionsUnquestionablythatsarealneed894butsinceparentsdontnormallysendchildrentopreschoolsuntiltheageofthreearewemissingoutonthemostimportantyearsofallA13yearstudyofearlychildhooddevelopmentatHarvardUniversityhasshownthatbytheageofthreemostchildrenhavethepotentialtounderstandabout1000words–mostofthelanguagetheywilluseinordinaryconversationfortherestoftheirlivesFurthermoreresearchhasshownthatwhileeverychildisbornwithanaturalcuriosityitcanbesuppresseddramaticallyduringthesecondandthirdyearsoflifeResearchersclaimthatthehumanpersonalityisformedduringthefirsttwoyearsoflifeandduringthefirstthreeyearschildrenlearnthebasicskillstheywilluseinalltheirlaterlearningbothathomeandatschoolOnceovertheageofthreechildrencontinuetoexpandonexistingknowledgeoftheworldItisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocioeconomicbackgroundstendtodolesswellinoureducationsystemThatsobservednotjustinNewZealandbutalsoinAustraliaBritainandAmericaInanattempttoovercomethateducationalunderachievementanationwideprogramcalled„HeadstartwaslaunchedintheUnitedStatesin1965AlotofmoneywaspouredintoitIttookchildrenintopreschoolinstitutionsattheageofthreeandwassupposedtohelpthechildrenofpoorerfamiliessucceedinschoolDespitesubstantialfundingresultshavebeendisappointingItisthoughtthattherearetwoexplanationsforthisFirsttheprogrambegantoolateManychildrenwhoentereditattheageofthreewerealreadybehindtheirpeersinlanguageandmeasurableintelligenceSecondtheparentswerenotinvolvedAttheendofeachday„HeadstartchildrenreturnedtothesamedisadvantagedhomeenvironmentAsaresultofthegrowingresearchevidenceoftheimportanceofthefirstthreeyearsofachildslifeandthedisappointingresultsfrom„HeadstartapilotprogramwaslaunchedinMissouri

intheUSthatfocusedonparentsasthechildsfirstteachersThe„MissouriprogramwaspredicatedonresearchshowingthatworkingwiththefamilyratherthanbypassingtheparentsisthemosteffectivewayofhelpingchildrengetofftothebestpossiblestartinlifeThefouryearpilotstudyincluded380familieswhowereabouttohavetheirfirstchildandwhorepresentedacrosssectionofsocioeconomicstatusageandfamilyconfigurations结构TheyincludedsingleparentandtwoparentfamiliesfamiliesinwhichbothparentsworkedandfamilieswitheitherthemotherorfatherathomeTheprograminvolvedtrainedparenteducatorsvisitingtheparentshomeandworkingwiththeparentorparentsandthechildInformationonchilddevelopmentandguidanceonthingstolookforandexpectasthechildgrowswereprovidedplusguidanceinfosteringthechildsintellectuallanguagesocialandmotorskilldevelopmentPeriodiccheckupsofthechildseducationalandsensorydevelopmenthearingandvisionweremadetodetectpossiblehandicapsthatinterferewithgrowthanddevelopmentMedicalproblemswerereferredtoprofessionalsParenteducatorsmadepersonalvisitstohomesandmonthlygroupmeetingswereheldwithothernewparentstoshareexperienceanddiscusstopicsofinterestParentresourcecenterslocatedinschoolbuildingsofferedlearningmaterialsforfamiliesandfacilitiesforchildAttheageofthreethechildrenwhohadbeeninvolvedinthe„MissouriprogramwereevaluatedalongsideacrosssectionofchildrenselectedfromthesamerangeofsocioeconomicbackgroundsandfamilysituationsandalsoarandomsampleofchildrenthatageTheresultswerephenomenalBytheageofthreethechildrenintheprogramweresignificantlymoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopmentthantheirpeershadmadegreaterstridesinproblemsolvingandotherintellectualskillsandwerefurtheralonginsocialdevelopmentInfacttheaveragechildontheprogramwasperformingatthelevelofthetop15to20percentoftheirpeersinsuchthingsasauditorycomprehensionverbalabilityandlanguageabilityMostimportantofallthetraditionalmeasuresof„risksuchasparentsageandeducationorwhethertheywereasingleparentborelittleornorelationshiptothemeasuresofachievementandlanguagedevelopmentChildrenintheprogramperformedequallywellregardlessofsocioeconomicdisadvantagesChildabusewasvirtuallyeliminatedTheonefactorthatwasfoundtoaffectthechildsdevelopmentwasfamilystressleadingtoapoorqualityofparentchildinteractionThatinteractionwasnotnecessarilybadinpoorerfamiliesTheseresearchfindingsareexcitingThereisgrowingevidenceinNewZealandthatchildrenfrompoorersocioeconomicbackgroundsarearrivingatschoollesswelldevelopedandthatourschoolsystemtendstoperpetuate使永存thatdisadvantageTheinitiativeoutlinedabovecouldbreakthatcycleofdisadvantageTheconceptofworkingwithparentsintheirhomesorattheirplaceofworkcontrastsquitemarkedlywiththereportoftheEarlyChild

hoodCareandEducationWorkingGroupTheirfocusisongettingchildrenandmothersaccesstochildcareandinstitutionalizedearlychildhoodeducationEducationfromtheageofthreetofiveisundoubtedlyvitalbutwithoutasimilarfocusonparenteducationandonthevitalimportanceofthefirstthreeyearssomeevidenceindicatesthatitwillnotbeenoughtoovercomeeducationalinequity1Theskillslearnedbychildrenatageofthreewillbeusedinalltheirlaterlearninginlife2The„Headstartprogramfinallysucceededinitsaim3The„Missourprogramsuppliedmanyformsofsupportandtrainingtoparents4Most„Missouriprogramthreeyearoldsscoredhighlyinareassuchaslisteningspeakingreasoningandinteractingwithothers5„Missouriprogramchildrenofyounguneducatedsingleparentsscoredlesshighlyonthetests6Thericherfamiliesinthe„Missouriprogramhadhigherstresslevels7Educationalinequitycannotbeovercomeforchildrenfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds8Theaimof„Headstartprogramistohelpchildrenfrompoorfamiliesovercome____________________9Themosteffectivewayofhelpingchildrengetofftothebestpossiblestartinlifeis____________________10TheconceptofworkingwithparentsintheirhomescontrastsquitemarkedlywiththereportoftheEarlyChildhoodCoreand____________________PartIIIListeningComprehension35minutesSectionADirectionsInthissectionyouwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversationsAttheendofeachconversationoneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaidBoththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceAftereachsectiontherewillbeapauseDuringthepauseyoumustreadthefourchoicesmarkedABCandDanddecidewhichisthebestanswerThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre11AToordersomemedicineforAuntMargaretBTogetsomeexerciseCTobuysomeitemsDToseetheiraunt12AAnyonecandoitBNoonecandoitCAlexcanprobablydoitDAlexprobablyshouldntdoit13ATeaisbetterthancoffeeBThemanshouldswitchtoteaCTherearetworeasonsnottodrinkcoffeeDThemanshouldntdrinkeither14AAtahairdressersBAtatailorsCAtabutchersDAtaphotographers15AAngryBTiredCHungryDDisappointed16AShewouldlikesomesoupBShesinvitingthemantolunchCShewantstoknowifthemanlikeschickenDSheatelunchearlier17AVeryfewpeoplecometoitBAgoodnamehasntbeenfoundforitCPeopledontlikeclimbingthestairstogetthereDShehasdecidedtophonetheticketoffice18AItwasdesignedbymodernartistsBItwillcolorblackandwhiteprintsCItsmerchandisemustbecarefullysortedthroughDItsbestselectionisofmodernartprintsQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard19AAclasspresentationtheyrepreparingBAtelevisionprogramthemaniswatchingCVisitingaclosefiendoftheirsDStudyingforatest20AHestakingabreakfromstudyingBHehasalreadyfinishedstudyingCHewasassignedtowatchaprogrambyhisprofessorDHesfindingoutsomeinformatio

nforafriend21AHedidntknowthatshewasenrolledinamathematiccourseBHethoughtshepreferredtostudyaloneCHethoughtshehadmadearrangementstostudywithDHehadtoldherthathehaddonepoorlyonarecenttest22AHeandElizabetharguedrecentlyBHeheardElizabethdidpoorlyonthelasttestCHedoesntwanttobotherElizabethsolateintheeveningDHedratherstudyinhisowndormitoryQuestions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard23ATheylookdarkerBTheylooksmallerCTheylookclearerDTheylookcloudier24AItstopsworkingBItbecomessharperCItconfusesodorsDItdefectsfewerodors25ATheybothhaveleginjuriesBTheyretootiredtowalkanyfartherCTheyhavenoumbrellawiththemDTheyveseennosignstogivethemdirectionsSectionBDirectionsInthissectionyouwillhear3shortpassagesAttheendofeachpassageyouwillhearsomequestionsBoththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceAfteryouhearaquestionyoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedABCandDThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentrePassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard26ATodoasmuchasyoucanBTodoonlywhatisnecessaryCToactcarefullyandquicklyDTodowhatisnecessaryascarefullyandquicklyaspossible27ALeavehimlyingwhereheisBDoasmuchasyoucantosavehimCPuthisarmsandlegsinplaceDRollhimupinablanket28AStoptheflowofbloodifthepersonisbleedingBPerformtheoperationwhenevernecessaryCDoartificialrespirationifthepersonhasstoppedbreathingDDothebestyoucanuntiladoctorarrivesPassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard29AAfewinchesabovethekneeBAlittlebelowthekneeCDowntotheankleDFloorlength30ABootsBSneakersCSlippersDLeathershoes31AFashionschangeovertimeBMenarethriftierthanwomenCSkirtsandshoesaremoreimportantthanotherclothingDSomeclothingmaysuitalloccasionsPassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard32AEnergyconservationBTransportationofthefutureCStripcitiesDAdvantagesofairtransportationoverrailroads33AAlackofavailableflightsBLongdelaysattheairportCTirednessonlongflightsDLongtripstoandfromairports34AItusesnuclearenergyBItrestsonacushionofpressurizedairCItfliesovermagneticallyactivatedtracksDItusesadevicesimilarwithengine35ATheyaresubjecttofiresBTheybecomelessfuelefficientCTheyproducetoomuchnoiseDTheyhavetroublestayingonthetracksSectionCDirectionsInthissectionyouwillhearapassagethreetimesWhenthepassageisreadforthefirsttimeyoushouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralideaWhenthepassageisreadforthesecondtimeyouarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheardForblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformationFortheseblanksyoucaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwordsFinall

ywhenthepassageisreadforthethirdtimeyoushouldcheckwhatyouhavewrittenDoctorsarestartingtobelievethatlaughternotonlyimprovesyourstateofmindbutactuallyaffectsyourentirephysicalwellbeingBritainsfirst36________therapistRobertHoldensaysInstinctivelyweknowthatlaughinghelpusfeelhealthyandaliveEachtimewelaughwefeelbetterandmore37__________AFrenchnewspaperfoundthatin1930theFrenchlaughedonaveragefornineteenminutesperdayBy1980thishadfallentosixminutesEightpercentofthepeople38_________saidthattheywouldliketolaughmoreOther39_________suggeststhatchildrenlaughonaverageabout400timesadaybutbythetimetheyreach40__________thishadbeen41_________toaboutfifteentimesSomewhereintheprocessofgrowingupwelosean42_______385laughsadayWilliamFryapsychiatristfromCaliforniastudiedthe43_________oflaughteronthebodyHegotpatientstowatchfunnyfilmsandmonitoredtheirbloodpressureheartrateandmuscletoneHefoundthatlaughterhasasimilareffecttophysicalexercise44__________________________________________________________________________________ItalsomakesourfacialandstomachmusclesworkFrythinkslaughterisatypeofjoggingonthespotLaughtercanevenprovideakindofpainreliefFryhadprovedthatlaughterproducesendorphinschemicalsinthebodythatrelievepainResearchersdividedfortyuniversitystudentsintofourgroupsThefirstgrouplistenedtoafunnycassettefortwentyminutesTheotherthreegroups45___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Researchersfoundthatiftheyproducepaininthestudents46___________________________________________________________________________________________________SomedoctorsareconvincedthathumorshouldbeapartofeverymedicalconsultationasthereisevidencetosuggestthatlaughterstimulatestheimmunesystemPartIVReadingComprehensionReadinginDepth25minutesSectionADirectionsInthissectionthereisapassagewithtenblanksYouarerequestedtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassageReadthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoicesEachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletterPleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentreYoumaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonceQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassageFormanyenvironmentaliststheworldseemstobegettingworseTheyhavedevelopedahitlistofourmainfearsnaturalresourcesare47out894thepopulationisevergrowingleavinglessandlesstoeat894speciesarebecoming48invastnumbersandtheplanetsairandwaterarebecomingevermorepollutedButaquicklookatthefactsshowsadifferentpictureFirstenergyandothernaturalresourceshavebecomemore49notlesssosincethebook„TheLimitstoGrowthwaspublishedin1972

byagroupofscientistsSecondmorefoodisnowproducedper50oftheworldspopulationthanatanytimeinhistoryFewerpeopleare51Thirdalthoughspeciesareindeedbecomingextinctonlyabout07ofthemareexpectedtodisappearinthenext50yearsnot2550ashassooftenbeen52Andfinallymostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeen53oraretransient–associatedwiththeearlystagesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowthbutby54itOneformofpollution–thereleaseofgreenhousegasesthatcausesglobalwarming–doesappeartobeaphenomenonthatisgoingtoextendwellintoourfuturebutitstotalimpactisunlikelyto55adevastating令人心神不安的problemAbiggerproblemmaywellturnouttobeaninappropriateresponsetoitYetopinionpollssuggestthatmanypeoplenurturethebeliefthatenvironmentalstandardsaredecliningandsomefactorsseemtocausethisdisjunctionbetween56andrealityAposeIstarvingBexaggeratedJheadCacceleratingKrunningDextinctLpredictedEexistMabundantFperceptionNconceptionGwealthyOreducingHmagnifiedSectionBDirectionsThereare2passagesinthissectionEachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatementsForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedABCandDYoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentrePassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassageMostconceptionsoftheprocessofmotivationbeginwiththeassumptionthatbehaviorisatleastinpartdirectedtowardstheattainmentofgoalsortowardsthesatisfactionofneedsormotivesAccordinglyitisappropriatetobeginourconsiderationofmotivationintheworkplacebyexaminingthemotivesforworkingSimonpointsoutthatanorganizationshouldbeabletosecuretheparticipationofapersonbyofferinghiminducements引诱whichcontributeinsomewaytoatleastoneofhisgoalsThekindsofinducementsofferedbyanorganizationarevariedandiftheyareeffectiveinmaintainingparticipationtheymustnecessarilybebasedontheneedsoftheindividualsMaslowexaminesindetailwhattheseneedsareHepointsoutnotonlythattherearemanyneedsrangingfrombasicphysiologicaldrivessuchashungertoamoreabstractdesireforselfrealizationbutalsothattheyarearrangedinahierarchy等级 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 wherebythelowerorderneedsmusttoalargedegreebesatisfiedbeforethehigherorderonescomeintoplayOneofthemostobviouswaysinwhichworkorganizationsattractandretainmembersisthroughtherealizationthateconomicfactorsarenottheonlyinducementforworkingasindicatedbyMorseandWeissInlinewiththesocialrespectandselfrealizationneedsdiscussedbyMaslowfactorssuchasassociationswithothersselfrespectgainedthroughtheworkandahighinterestvalueoftheworkcanserveeffectivelytoinducepeopletowork57AccordingtoMaslowaworkorganizationisabletomotivatepeopletoworkby_______AsatisfyingtheirphysiologicalneedsBsatisfyingt