英美文学的浪漫主义

6Romanticism浪漫主义时期文学特征1Background①shapedbytheirNewWorldenvironment美洲大陆新环境②arrayofideasinheritedfromtheromantictraditionsofEurope欧洲早期浪漫主义思潮2美国文学特点pluralistic多元化manifestations 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现形式Varied多样Individualistic个人主义Conflicting矛盾3romanticism的特点Frequentlysharedcertaingeneralcharacteristicsmoralenthusiasmfaithinthevalueofindividualismandintuitiveperceptionandapresumptionthatthenaturalworldwasasourceofgoodnessandmanssocietiesasourceofcorruption浪漫主义之间大部分是相通的都注重道德强调个人主义价值观和直觉感受并且认为自然是美的源头人类社会是腐败之源4transcendentalism超验主义① AsamoralphilosophytranscendentalismwasneitherlogicalnorsystematizedItexaltedfeelingoverreasonindividual

expressionovertherestraintsoflawandcustom不讲逻辑不讲系统只强调超越理性的感受超越法律和世俗束缚的个人表达② TheyspokeforculturalrejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety呼吁文化复兴反对美国社会的拜金主义③ TheybelievedinthetranscendenceofOversoulanall-pervadingpowerforgoodnessfromwhichallthingscomeandofwhichallthingsareapart相信精神上的超越相信无所不能的善的力量强调善为万物之源④ ItcouldexerciseahealthyandrestorativeinfluenceonthehumanmindGobacktonaturesinkyourselfbackintoitsinfluenceandyoullbecomespirituallywholeagainThenaturalimplicationofallthiswasofcoursethatthingsinnaturetendedtobecomesymbolicandthephysicalworldwasasymbolofthespiritualThisinturnaddedtothetraditionof

literarysymbolisminAmericanliterature5RepresentativesEmerson爱默生believedthatmanwasapartofabsolutegood人性本善Thoreau梭罗behelddivinityintheunspottedinnocenceofnature自然才是神圣的洁白无瑕5Literaryforms文学形式NovelsshortstoriesandpoemsreplacedsermonsandmanifestosasAmericasprincipalliteraryforms长篇小说短篇故事和诗歌取代说教类及宣言类作品成为美国主要的文学形式6Imaginativeliterature想象类文学7thewildernesscametofunctionalmostasadramaticcharacterthatillustrated morallaw戏剧化特色的野性讽喻了时代的道德准则8ThedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecameapermanentconventionofAmericanliterature逃离社会回到自然成为了美国文学永恒的创作习惯9NationalismstimulatedagreaterliteraryinterestinAmericaslanguageI

n1828NoahWebsterpublishedAnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguageAmericancharactertypesspeakinglocaldialectsappearedinpoetryandfictionwithincreasingfrequency受民族主义影响作家的目光转向了美国本土的语言具有美国特征的本土方言开始在诗歌和小说中大量涌现10Atmid-centuryaculturalreawakeningbroughtafloweringofNewEnglandLedbyHawthorneEmersonandThoreauNewEngland→Transcendentalism从新英格兰文学到超验主义代表作家1WashingtonIrving华盛顿欧文thefirstgreatbelletrist第一个纯文学作家划线部分为三个主要contribution①thefirstgreatprosestylistofAmericanromanticism美国第一位浪漫主义散文文体作家②SketchBook《见闻札记》thefirstmodernshortstoriesandthefirstgreatAmericanjuvenileliterature现代文学史上第一部短篇小说和美国第一部伟大的青少年文学读物③Irvingrestoredthewa

ningGothicromanceswhichPoesooninfusedwithpsychologicalsubtleties重振了没落的哥特式浪漫主义小说随后坡在此基础上把心理学的一些知识融入了这种体裁④LegendsoftheConquestofSpain《西班牙征服记》⑤manner形式matter内容avoidmoralization教化toentertain娱乐amuse消遣2JamesFenimoreCooper詹姆斯芬尼莫库珀①contributionlaunchedtwokindsofimmenselypopularstories→theseaadventuretaleandthefrontiersaga开创了两种流传极广的小说体裁边疆传奇小说和海上传奇小说②LeatherstockingTales《皮袜子故事集》包括TheDeerslayer《杀鹿者》TheLastoftheMohicans《最后的莫希干人》ThePathfinder《探路人》ThePioneers《拓荒者》ThePrairie《大草原》regardasthenearestapproachyettoanAmericanepic被认为是迄今为止美国最接近史诗的作品③thecentralfigureinthenovelsNattyBumppo小说的中心人物纳蒂班波3WilliamCullenBryant威廉卡伦布莱恩特po

et诗人①asIrvinghadshownthatAmericanprosehadconeofagesoBryantdemonstratedtoEuropeanreadersthatAmericanpoetrywasreadytodemandseriousattention当欧文预示美国散文时代的到来时布莱恩特向欧洲读者证实了美国的诗歌达到相当高的水平②HewasthefirstAmericantogainthestatureofamajorpoet第一个获得美国主要诗人称号的作家③ToaWaterfowl《致水鸟》themostperfectbriefpoeminthelanguage用美国英语写作的最完美的短诗4EdgarAllanPoe埃德加阿伦坡①showhistruetalentsasaneditorpoetliterarycritic编辑诗人文学评论家②GrahamsMagazine格雷厄姆杂志坡的工作场所③TheFalloftheHouseofUsher《鄂谢府崩溃记》TheRaven《乌鸦》thetitlepoemofacollectionTalesoftheGrotesqueandArabesque《述异集》firstcollectionofshortstories第一部短篇小说集④oftenusegrotesqueorfantasticevents擅长描写哥特式和幻想类的小说